Names, synonyms, approximate location of cusps, styles and other parts of teeth in alphabetic order (location on the tooth: see figure 12.2):
...id: suffix added to terms concerning lower dentition (Swindler 1976)
...conule, ...conulid (for instance metaconule, hypoconulid): minor cusps on the crests connecting the principal cusps (Swindler 1976)
...style, ...stylid: minor cusps belonging to the cingulum or cingulid if present; named for the related large cusps, e. g. protostyle or protostylid (Swindler, 1976).
Carabelli cusp: see under protostyle
cingulum, cingulid, see also under ...style: "girdled the primitive tooth; portions of it may still be present on teeth of extant primates. When present, these structures are noted by the suffix "style (stylid)" and are named for the related cusp, e. g. protostyle or protostylid (Swindler, 1976).
Cristid obliqua (Szalay 1969): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Cusp, cusplet (Hornbeck and Swindler 1967): tooth structure having structural or functional occlusal areal components delimited by developmental grooves and having independant apexes (Swindler 1976).
Distoconulus (Remane, 1960); synonym: postentoconule (Hershkovitz 1971): upper jaw.
Distostyle: see under metastyle
Distostyle (P2-4) (Kinzey 1973): upper jaw (Swindler 1976)
Distostylid: see under hypoconid
Ectostyle-1: see under mesostyle
Ectostylid (Kinzey 1973): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Entoconid (Osborn 1907): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Entocrista (Hershkovitz 1971): upper jaw (Swindler 1976)
Eocone: see under paracone.
Eoconid: see under paraconid.
Epicone: see under protocone.
Epiconid: see under protoconid
Hypocone: upper jaw. The distal expansion of the cingulum, forming a heel or talon, commonly presents a new cusp: the hypocone (Swindler 1976)
Hypoconid (Osborn 1907), synonym: distostylid (Vandebroek 1961): lower jaw (Swindler 1976)
Hypoconulid (Osborn 1907), synonym: parastylid: lower jaw (Swindler 1976)
Hypoflexid notch (Schwartz, Beutel 1995): Definition? Structure in the region of contact of cristid obliqua and metaconid?
Interconule: see under postprotostyle
Mesiostyle: see under parastyle
Mesostyle (Osborn 1907), synonym: ectostyle-1 (Hershkovitz 1971): upper jaw.
Metacone (Osborn 1907): upper jaw. Absent in most extant primates (Swindler 1976)
Metaconid (Osborn 1907): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Metastyle (Osborn 1907); synonym: distostyle (Vandebroek 1961): upper jaw. (Swindler 1976)
Metaconule (Osborn 1907); synonym: plagioconule (Vandebroek 1961): upper jaw. Absent in most extant primates
Metalophid: see under tuberculum sextum
Paracone (Osborn 1907); synonym: eocone (Vandebroek 1961): upper jaw. Absent in most extant primates
Paraconid (Osborn 1907); synonym: eoconid (Vandebroek 1961): lower jaw. Absent in most extant primates (Tarsius excepted) (Swindler, 1976)
Paracristid (Szalay 1969): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Paraconule: see under protoconule
Paralophid: see under postentocristid
Parastyle (Osborn 1907); synonym: mesiostyle (Vandebroek 1961): upper jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Parastylid: see under hypoconulid
Plagioconule: see under metaconule
Postentoconule: see under distoconulus
Postentoconulid: see under tuberculum intermedium
Postentocristid (Hershkovitz 1971); synonym: paralophid (Van Valen, 1966): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Postfossid: see under trigonid
Postmetaconulid: see under protostylid
Postmetacrista (Szalay 1969): upper jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Postmetacristid (Szalay 1969); synonym: prefossid (Van Valen, 1966): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Postprotostyle (Kinzey 1973); synonym: interconule (Remane 1960): upper jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Prefossid: see under postmetacristid
Premetacrista (Szalay 1969): upper jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Premetacristid: see under protocristid
Preprotocrista (Van Valen, 1966); synonym: protoloph (Remane, 1960): upper jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Protoconid (Osborn 1907); synonym: epiconid (Vandebroek 1961): lower jaw (Swindler 1976)
Protocone (Osborn 1907); synonym: epicone (Vandebroek 1961): upper jaw (Swindler 1976)
Protoconule (Osborn 1907); synonym: paraconule (Van Valen, 1966): upper jaw (Swindler 1976)
Protoconid (Osborn 1907); synonym: eoconid (Vandebroek, 1961): lower jaw (Swindler 1976)
Protocristid (Szalay 1969); synonym: premetacristid (H): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Protofossa: see under trigon
Protoloph: see under preprotocrista
Protolophid: see under tuberculum sextum
Protostyle (Kinzey 1973); synonym: Carabelli cusp: upper jaw, see under "...style" (Swindler 1976)
Protostylid (Kinzey 1973): lower jaw; see under "...style" (Swindler, 1976)
Talonid; talonid basin (Szalay 1969): lower jaw. Develops on the distal aspect of the trigonid and frequently bears three cusps: hypoconid, entoconid and hypoconulid (Swindler 1976)
Trigon, trigon basin (Szalay 1969); synonym: protofossa (Van Valen 1966): upper jaw: a three-cusped triangle formed by paracone, metacone and protocone (Swindler, 1976).
Trigonid; trigonid basin (Szalay 1969); synonym: postfossid (Van Valen, 1966): lower jaw. A three-cusped triangle formed by paraconid (which in primates is usually absent), metaconid and protoconid (Swindler, 1976).
Tuberculum intermedium (Remane 1960); synonym:postentoconulid (H): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Tuberculum sextum (Remane 1960); synonyms: metalophid (Osborn 1907), protolophid (Van Valen 1966): lower jaw (Swindler, 1976)
Other measurements of dentition [mm], according to Schultz (1929), De Blase and Martin (1981), Lundrigan (1996), Molez-Verrière and Vincent (1995):
Diastema lengths: see figure. Definitions according to Schultz (1929), De Blase and Martin (1981), Lundrigan (1996), Molez-Verrière and Vincent (1995):
Diastema length between specified teeth: (for instance between C and P1): distance from the posterior margin of alveolus of cranial tooth to the anterior margin of caudel tooth specified.
Diastema length (mandible), general definition: from posterior margin of alveolus of last incisor present to anterior margin of alveolus of first cheek tooth present (DeBlase, Martin 1984) . In prosimians, the fact that the canine is small and incisiviform and the second premolar is caniniform must be considered.
Diastema length (maxilla), general definition: from posterior margin of alveolus of last incisor present to anterior margin of alveolus of first cheek tooth present (DeBlase, Martin 1984)
Mandibular diastema (DeBlase, Martin 1984): see diastema length (mandible).
Toothrow and other skull-related measurements see under definitions for skull
